1. Identify each pair of compounds as constitutional isomers, stereoisomers, identical molecules, or other. (a) stereoisomers…
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Question “1. Identify each pair of compounds as constitutional isomers, stereoisomers, identical molecules, or other. (a) stereoisomers…”
1. Identify each pair of compounds as constitutional isomers, stereoisomers, identical molecules, or other.
Answer
Based on the arrangement of the atoms within the molecules, it is possible to identify the structural relationship between them. This relationship can take many forms, including stereoisomers and constitutional isomers. These are pairs of compounds. The spatial arrangement of an atom can help identify the relationship between them.
Isomers are pairs that contain the same empirical formula, but have different atomic arrangements or spatial orientations.
1. The connectivity of the atoms within a molecule is what distinguishes constitutional isomers.
2. Stereoisomers are different in how they arrange atoms within a molecule.
There are two types of stereoisomers, enantiomers or diastereomers. Enantiomers are a pair of compounds that are not superimposable mirror images. Diastereomers is a pair of compounds that does not have a mirror image.
3. Identical molecules refer to a pair of molecules that have no special relationship to each other.
Below is a block diagram of the explanation.
![look for the chemical formula
if the chemical formula
is not identical
they are not isomers
(others)
if the chemical formula](https://drive.google.com/uc?id=1ttviTiyztLrHgy9Jg18yXkL1mZOy-1xD&export=download/1.-Identify-each-pair-of-compounds-as-constitutional-isomers,-stereoisomers,-identical-molecules,-or-other.-(a)-stereoisomers.png?x-oss-process=image/resize,w_560/format,webp)
Part 1.a
Two compounds have different structural formulas.
![C7H14
C7H16
Chemical formula:](https://drive.google.com/uc?id=1HAttbBBBrisZjc4_bHlMtqvOkO_wq9o3&export=download/1.-Identify-each-pair-of-compounds-as-constitutional-isomers,-stereoisomers,-identical-molecules,-or-other.-(a)-stereoisomers.png?x-oss-process=image/resize,w_560/format,webp)
Relationship between two chemical formulae
{{\rm{C}}_{\rm{7}}}{{\rm{H}}_{{\rm{14}}}}\,\,{\rm{and}}\,\,\,{{\rm{C}}_{\rm{8}}}{{\rm{H}}_{{\rm{16}}}}
Part 1.b
Two compounds have different structural formulas.
![CH
(b)
CH3
Chemical formula:
C3H16
C3H16](https://drive.google.com/uc?id=1qcllcovRHsXTaiB9isKxXCD41u5fsETz&export=download/1.-Identify-each-pair-of-compounds-as-constitutional-isomers,-stereoisomers,-identical-molecules,-or-other.-(a)-stereoisomers.png?x-oss-process=image/resize,w_560/format,webp)
The relationship between two chemical formulae
{{\rm{C}}_8}{{\rm{H}}_{{\rm{16}}}}\,\,{\rm{and}}\,\,\,{{\rm{C}}_{\rm{8}}}{{\rm{H}}_{{\rm{16}}}}Below is a list of the positions of substitutes in the two compounds.
![Connectivity
of substituents:
1,3-substitution
1,4-substitution](https://drive.google.com/uc?id=1u84VCs4r7S7Cs68UkIZyiV1-K4Sk45zK&export=download/1.-Identify-each-pair-of-compounds-as-constitutional-isomers,-stereoisomers,-identical-molecules,-or-other.-(a)-stereoisomers.png?x-oss-process=image/resize,w_560/format,webp)
The relationship between pairs that use the position of substituteents is:
1, 3-substitution, 1, 4-substitution: Constitutional Isomers
Part 1.c
In part c, draw the chemical structures of each compound.
![HẠC
CHỊ
Học
CH3
Chemical formula:
C6H12
C6H12](https://drive.google.com/uc?id=1w8qH0DnkpbOBIlCwDJTQL-0lzSif-7B7&export=download/1.-Identify-each-pair-of-compounds-as-constitutional-isomers,-stereoisomers,-identical-molecules,-or-other.-(a)-stereoisomers.png?x-oss-process=image/resize,w_560/format,webp)
The relationship between two chemical formulae
{{\rm{C}}_6}{{\rm{H}}_{{\rm{12}}}}\,\,{\rm{and}}\,\,\,{{\rm{C}}_6}{{\rm{H}}_{{\rm{12}}}}Below is a list of the positions of substitutes in the two compounds.
![HBC,
CHHC
CHỊ
4
3
14
3
connectivity
of substituents:
1,2-substitution
1,2-substitution](https://drive.google.com/uc?id=13kMy3RRuWTxIBEiYCcRSJ-OlzhN3S1VO&export=download/1.-Identify-each-pair-of-compounds-as-constitutional-isomers,-stereoisomers,-identical-molecules,-or-other.-(a)-stereoisomers.png?x-oss-process=image/resize,w_560/format,webp)
The relationship between pairs that use theposition of substituteents is:
Stereoisomers: 1, 2-substitution, 1, 2-substitution
The spatial arrangement of atoms is:
![CH3 H3C
CH3
(c)
(S)](https://drive.google.com/uc?id=1kiN4366UgjScw2psnEfCs1jl98pkG-yS&export=download/1.-Identify-each-pair-of-compounds-as-constitutional-isomers,-stereoisomers,-identical-molecules,-or-other.-(a)-stereoisomers.png?x-oss-process=image/resize,w_560/format,webp)
Part 1.d
The chemical structures of the compounds.
![(d) en
Chemical formula:
CsHgCl2
CsHgCl2](https://drive.google.com/uc?id=179zWZs5S0OwQnYLMBTXOOuBSvW2v2oNY&export=download/1.-Identify-each-pair-of-compounds-as-constitutional-isomers,-stereoisomers,-identical-molecules,-or-other.-(a)-stereoisomers.png?x-oss-process=image/resize,w_560/format,webp)
The relationship between two chemical formulae
{{\rm{C}}_{\rm{5}}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{8}}}{\rm{C}}{{\rm{l}}_{\rm{2}}}\,\,{\rm{and}}\,\,\,{{\rm{C}}_{\rm{5}}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{8}}}{\rm{C}}{{\rm{l}}_{\rm{2}}}The substituent positions in the compounds are:
![15
4/
connectivity of
substituents:
1,3-substitution
1,3-substitution](https://drive.google.com/uc?id=1dd4_lXJJ8eOjFblUR3irAlX7guVC6FTi&export=download/1.-Identify-each-pair-of-compounds-as-constitutional-isomers,-stereoisomers,-identical-molecules,-or-other.-(a)-stereoisomers.png?x-oss-process=image/resize,w_560/format,webp)
The relationship between pairs of compounds that use substituent positions is:
Stereoisomers: 1,3-substitution, 1,3-substitution
The spatial arrangement of atoms can be described as:
![CIRICI
CIARY
SCI
compound I
mirror image of compound I
gives compound II](https://drive.google.com/uc?id=1JyxYArBSqnSTLUDHXxu3NtTuxfI6gN1I&export=download/1.-Identify-each-pair-of-compounds-as-constitutional-isomers,-stereoisomers,-identical-molecules,-or-other.-(a)-stereoisomers.png?x-oss-process=image/resize,w_560/format,webp)
Ans: Part 1.a
![other](https://drive.google.com/uc?id=1gFIvLs-wyI-wKt_VMvWCHM_0HUbdCrRB&export=download/1.-Identify-each-pair-of-compounds-as-constitutional-isomers,-stereoisomers,-identical-molecules,-or-other.-(a)-stereoisomers.png?x-oss-process=image/resize,w_560/format,webp)
Part 1.b
![Constituitional isomers](https://drive.google.com/uc?id=1M-bLr9Ppn65gZICayFIkXy0MJAjTF8rU&export=download/1.-Identify-each-pair-of-compounds-as-constitutional-isomers,-stereoisomers,-identical-molecules,-or-other.-(a)-stereoisomers.png?x-oss-process=image/resize,w_560/format,webp)
Part 1.c
![Stereoisomers](https://drive.google.com/uc?id=1iOs8Lz-wWsqm5WG38Wz3PTuVcOfyjdLY&export=download/1.-Identify-each-pair-of-compounds-as-constitutional-isomers,-stereoisomers,-identical-molecules,-or-other.-(a)-stereoisomers.png?x-oss-process=image/resize,w_560/format,webp)
Part 1.d
![Identical molecules](https://drive.google.com/uc?id=1uLfX25brGSaTb_y57Et0_EkbdfL8SA-P&export=download/1.-Identify-each-pair-of-compounds-as-constitutional-isomers,-stereoisomers,-identical-molecules,-or-other.-(a)-stereoisomers.png?x-oss-process=image/resize,w_560/format,webp)
Conclusion
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