Ionic & Covalent Virtual Lab Pre-Virtual Lab Questions: Answer these before going to the website to…
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Question “Ionic & Covalent Virtual Lab Pre-Virtual Lab Questions: Answer these before going to the website to…”
Answer
Pre-virtual lab questions: 1. The periodic table shows metal atoms on the left and non-metals on the right.
Group 1: Alkali Metals
Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals
Group 3 to 12: Transition elements (all Metals)
The p-block of periodic table includes non-metals (except hydrogen).
2. Sub-atomic elements called electrons participate in chemical reactions. Element react by transferring electrons or sharing electrons.
3. The electrons in the valence shell are called valence electrons.
4. All elements that belong to the same periodic table group have the same number valence electrons.
Group 1: 1 valence electronic
Group 2: 2 valence elements
Group 13: 3 valence elements
Group 14: 4 valence elements
Group 15: 5 valence elements
Group 16: 6 valence elements
Group 17: 7 valence electronic
Group 18: 8 valence electronic
5.
Ionic Bonding
1. a. Na (Sodium) is a metal.
b. It contains 1 valence electron.
2. a. (F) Fluorine can be considered a non-metal.
b. It contains 7 valence electrons.
2. a. 6. Valence electrons are six in oxygen atoms.
b. It is non-metal.
c. Two Oxygen Atoms Combine by Sharing Two Pairs of Electrons Between Them.
A covalent bond is one that can be formed through sharing.
d. To create a covalent bond, atomic orbitals are overlapping to form a molecular orbital.
e. Fluorine atoms are combined by a single covalent link by sharing one pair electrons.
By sharing two pairs electrons between them, two oxygen atoms can combine to form a double covalent link.
Part 3: Critical thinking
1. To obtain a stable octet, atoms must participate in chemical bonding.
The transfer of electrons between non-metals and metals creates an ionic bond. Metal elements have less than four valence electrons, and they lose electrons to make cations. Non-metal elements have at least 4 valence electrons, and can gain electrons to make anions. These ions are held together in an ionic bonded by electrostatic forces.
The sharing of electrons among atoms with valence electrons creates a covalent bond.
3. Notice: Bonds between non-metals and metals may be covalent due the polarization by the cation of the electron cloud.
Name | Formula | Covalent or Ionic |
Beryllium Bromide | BeBr2 | Covalent |
Trifluoride of phosphorus | PF3 | Covalent |
Sulphur diodide | SI2 | Covalent |
Strontium phosphide | Sr3P2 | Covalent covalent character and an ionic bond |
Cesium nitride | Cs3N | Ionic |
Water | H2O | Polar covalent bond |
Conclusion
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