Part A Use the drawing of the MO energy diagram to predict the bond order of…
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Question “Part A Use the drawing of the MO energy diagram to predict the bond order of…”
Part A
Use the drawing of the MO energy diagram to predict the bond
order of Li2+.
Express the bond order as an integer or fraction.
Part B
Use the drawing of the MO energy diagram to predict the bond
order of Li2?.
Express the bond order as an integer or fraction.
Part C
Which molecules are predicted to exist in the gas phase?
Check all that apply
Check all that apply
Li2? | |
Li2+ |
Answer
This concept is used to solve the problem by using MO diagram.
The difference in the number of electrons in anti-bonding molecular orals and in bonding molecular orbitals is equal to one-half of the bond order in a molecule.
The importance of bond orders is as follows:
1.Stability in molecules or ions
If the bond order of a molecule is positive, it will be stable. However, if it is negative or zero, the molecule will not be stable.
2.Bond dissociation energy:
Bond order and Bond dissociation are directly proportional. Therefore, if bond order is high, then bond dissociation will be greater.
3.Bond length:
Inversely proportional is the relationship between bond length and order
The bond length will therefore be smaller if the bond order is higher.
4.Number bonds
The number of covalent bonds within a molecule is equal to its bond order value. If bond order is 2 then there are 2 covalent bonds.
If all electrons are paired, the species will be diamagnetic. Para-magnetism needs unpaired electrons.
Part of
This is how the general molecular orbital looks like:
The line that passes through the two nuclei is the center of the sigma (s), bonding molecular orbitals.
The sigma (s), bonding molecular orbital
Constructive interference occurs when the parallel and p orbitals are combined with the matching positive and negative phases. This results in a bonding orbital p. The electron probability lies between the nuclei.
Bonding p orbital
The anti-bonding molecular orbitals sigma (s ), the anti-bonding MO, has a greater electron probability than either side of the nuclei.
The sigma (s *) antibonding molecular orbitals
The p * antibonding MO is formed when the parallel and p orbitals have opposite phases.
The orbital p * antibonding MO orbital
The atomic number for lithium is 3. There are 6 electrons in lithium molecular, while 5 electrons in
ion.
The following Molecular orbital s are occupied in
:
Here’s how to calculate the bond order:
Part B
These Molecular orbital positions are found in
.