Predict which molecules are polar. Select all that apply. AsF3 IOF5 CF4 CH2CI2
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Question “Predict which molecules are polar. Select all that apply. AsF3 IOF5 CF4 CH2CI2”
Answer
Polarity refers to a charge separation of two poles within a molecule, or between oppositely charged poles that are connected by a bond. Because of the electronegativity differences between atoms within a bond, molecules can exhibit polarity.
* The electronegativity and geometry of the molecule are the main factors that determine polarity in molecules.
* A molecule that has symmetrical geometry and equal dipole moment for bonds is called a nonpolar molecule.
* A polar molecule is one that has unsymmetrical geometry and equal dipole moment for bonds.
Example: Let’s say that Y has a more electronegative atom then X.
Below is a diagram of nonpolar symetrical geometry.
Below is unsymmetrical geometry that is polar:
* An atom’s electronegativity is the tendency to attract the bonded pair electrons towards it.
|
|
Carbon | 2.5 |
Hydrogen | 2.1 |
Chlorine | 3.0 |
Oxygen | 3.5 |
Fluorine | 4.0 |
Iodine | 2.5 |
{\rm{As}}{{\rm{F}}_{\rm{3}}} is the given molecule
Since fluorine atoms are more electronegative than As, the given molecule can be considered polar. The net dipole moment of the given molecule does not equal zero. This means that it is a polar.
The given molecule is {\rm{IO}}{{\rm{F}}_{\rm{5}}}
The molecule given is a polar one, despite its symmetrical structural geometry. The plane iodine fluorine dipole moment cancels each other. However, the dipole moments for iodine oxygen bond and iodinefluorine bond don’t cancel one another, as the electronegative difference between iodine & oxygen is greater than that of iodine & fluorine.
The given molecule is therefore a polar.
The given molecule is {\rm{C}}{{\rm{F}}_{\rm{4}}}
Because the given molecule has a nonpolar molecular structure, and because the dipole moments cancel each other, it is nonpolar.
The given molecule therefore is non-polar.
The given molecule is {\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{C}}{{\rm{l}}_{\rm{2}}}
The given molecule is not geometrically symmetrical. However, all dipole moments are projected onto the one side of the molecule. Given molecule is therefore a polar molecule.
Below are the polar molecules:
{\rm{As}}{{\rm{F}}_{\rm{3}}} {\rm{IO}}{{\rm{F}}_{\rm{5}}} {\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{C}}{{\rm{l}}_{\rm{2}}}Below are the non-polar molecules:
{\rm{C}}{{\rm{F}}_{\rm{4}}}Ans:
Below are the polar molecules
Conclusion
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