Rank the following compounds in order of decreasing vapor pressure CH4
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Question “Rank the following compounds in order of decreasing vapor pressure CH4”
based on intermolecular forces:
a) CH4
b) isopentane C5H12 (2-methyl butane)
c) CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
d) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
you can overlap the choices if they are of the same vapor
pressure
-if intermolecular force increases, vapor pressure increases
-intermolecular forces such as london dispersion, dipole dipole,
ion dipole, hydrogen bonds
my answer was
(a)<- highest vapor pressure
(b) and (d)
(c)<- lowest vapor pressure
but I got it wrong
what is the correct answer?
thanks
Answer
General guidance
Vapor pressure refers to the pressure exerted when a vapor is in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed phases (liquid or solid) in closed systems at a particular temperature.
Intermolecular force is the combination of repelling and attractive forces that exist between molecules due to polarity. There are four types intermolecular force.
Non-covalent interactions:
Non-covalent interactions refer to intermolecular interactions between molecules that do not have covalent bonding interactions.
Below are the four types of intermolecular force:
uf0a7 London Dispersion Forces: These weak forces of attraction exist within the molecule.
\uf0a7Dipole\u2013dipole interactions: These are electrostatic interactions. A molecule with a permanent dipole interacts using dipoleu2013dipole interaction.
uf0a7 Intermolecular hydrogen bonding:
\uf0a7Ion\u2013dipole interactions: The interactions present between the ions and dipole of solvent are known as ion\u2013dipole interactions.
Step-by-step
Step 1 from 2
As the number of carbon atoms in the compound increases, the vapor pressure decreases.
As the branching grows, the vapor pressure of the compound compounds increases.
The molecules will become closer to each other as the strength of intermolecular forces increases. To break it down, more heat is required to boil.
The strength of intermolecular force is therefore affected by decreasing vapor pressure.
Hint for next step
The tendency to let a particle escape from liquid or solid phase increases if the strength of intermolecular forces increases. The vapor pressure also decreases.
Step 2 from 2
Spherical
Only London dispersion forces are available.
b) Isopentane HTML2$ (2,methyl butane).
Branch
Only London dispersion forces are available.
Linear
It includes London dispersion forces and dipoleu2013dipole interactions.
Linear
Only London dispersion forces are available.
These compounds have a decreasing vapor pressure that is based on intermolecular forces.
a) > b) > d) > c)
Methane is less reactive than other molecules. It has the highest vapor pressure.
The branched one has a higher vapor pressure than the linear one. It should be placed ahead of the linear one to decrease vapor pressure.
The strongest intermolecular forces are those of alcohol, such as London dispersion forces and dipoleu2013dipole interaction. The alcohol’s vapor pressure is therefore low. To decrease vapor pressure, it should be placed last.
Answer
These compounds have a decreasing vapor pressure that is based on intermolecular forces.
a) > b) > d) > c)
Only answer
These compounds have a decreasing vapor pressure that is based on intermolecular forces.
a) > b) > d) > c)
Conclusion
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