help Which two major body systems help regulate acid-base balance in the body? Provide an example…
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Question “help Which two major body systems help regulate acid-base balance in the body? Provide an example…”
Answer
Two major body systems are the Respiratory
system or the Renal system.. They both maintain the body’s acid-base balance.
Through regulation of respiration, the respiratory system regulates blood PH. The kidneys regulate blood PH through the excretion and reabsorption H+, as well as the excretion and titratable acid excretion.
This regulation involves the buffer system bicarbonate-carbonic acid. [ HCO3+ / H2CO3] The regulation of the kidneys is for the base (HCO3+), while respiratory regulation is for the acid (H2CO3).
Respiratory regulation of
PH
Through regulation of respiration, the respiratory system regulates blood pH. The respiratory centre’s chemoreceptors detect changes in blood pH, regulate respiration, and so control CO2 elimination.
For example When metabolic acidosis is present, the respiratory system must compensate by adjusting the pH towards the alkalosis. This is done by the lungs increasing their respiratory rate (Hyperventillation). By removing more CO2 from the body, respiratory alkalosis can be produced. A higher level of CO2 means that more carbonic acid (H2CO3) has been eliminated. This favors an alkaline pH.
Renal regulation of
PH
Normal urine pH is lower than blood PH, which indicates that urine has to be acidicated in order to remove the acids. The main mechanisms that regulate PH in the kidneys are: excretion H+, reabsorption Bicarbonate, and excretion titratable acid.
For example When Respiratory acidosis is present, the kidneys compensate with :
Excretion of H+: Carbonic acid can be ionized into H+ or bicarbonate. The bicarbonate is then absorbed and expelled into the tubular lumen. There is therefore net excretion and generation of HCO3+.
Reabsorption if
bicarbonate:- Filtered bicarbonate reacts with H+ in the tubular lumen and forms carbonic acid. This dissociates into H2O and CO2. This CO2 diffuses into cells, where it combines with water to create carbonic acid. This carbonic acid ions to H+ or HCO3-.
The plasma absorbs the HCO3+, while the H+ in tubular lumens combines with another HCO3+ to aid in bicarbonate absorption. This results in bicarbonate being reabsorbed without any net ecretion.
Also, H+ can be found in excreted as
titratable acid (Sodium Acid phosphate) or as
ammonium ions. The H+ that is secreted into the tubular lumen reacts with NaHPO4 and NH3 to create NaH2PO4 and NH4, respectively.
So, the net effect of all
these mechanisms is excretion of excess H+ (acid) from the body and
reabsorption of HCO3- (alkali). Thus it can compensate for the
respiratory acidosis.
Conclusion
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